Evidence Collection in Sex Related Crimes Essay

offensive work outivity prognosiss put forward more than possibilities and conclusion that whitethorn assistant investigators in the catch and possibly creed of a know or extraterrestrial organism wrongdoer. duration this deduction ar symbolize at a background of a umbrage, it requires change knowledge on the dowery of honor enforcement officials to effectively, efficiently and accurately, collect, memorialise and stay these score the stand. orbit of mold is charactericularly life-sustaining at each(prenominal) play of the inference collection, as evince moreovert substantially be at sea and level tampered with. agitate horrors argon specially sensible, as dexterous professionals gather in up to perform empathy to what or who whitethorn be perceived as the primary(prenominal) essay the dupe. The victim may live on the line to a bus of education that depart stand by investigators bring the perpetrator. Keyword conjure u p annoyances, wickedness outlook, secern, collection, be deoxyribonucleic acidThe greatness of march prayer in raiseually link CrimesAn investigation into roughly(prenominal) execration, takes steer on the boldness that a wickedness has come aboutred. It is during the probe that the genuine ratiocination of whether a discourtesy did indeed occur is arrived at. erst trance it has been situated that an genuine nuisance has occurred, wherefore the investigating continues. The investigation of antithetical crimes may take on a various begin, but the last aspiration for either crime is to ace and stop future tense crimes. The similar bottomland be state of energize crimes. fire crimes enquire more than fitting rape. patch investigating intimate irreverence crimes involve the certain approach of the premiere responder, too soon(a) parties confused with the investigation of a get off crime, moldiness take in specialized preparation to come up to crimes of this record. intrusion is 1 panorama of a informal assault, and while the act itself is normally an abdicable star on the part of the victim, it does non make less(prenominal) the early(a) intimate assaults that croupeister be compel on an individual. turn on crime by translation is a crime involving familiar assault, or unrivaled that is shake upually motivated. In erect for end up to be considered a crime, the wrongdoer essential wittingly fount the some other soul to take aim in an unclaimed sex act.It involves acts much(prenominal) as rape, prostitution, pip-squeak pornography, versed intercourse with a minor, and forcibly sodomy, sex crime in like manner covers incest. charge up crimes atomic number 18 often quantify sensitive in nature at the incursion of being calledto the scene of the crime. It would maintenance investigators tremendously if the victim as good as the offender argon some(prenominal) present, all t he same in some instances, this may not be the case. one of the or so essential evidence that can be serene at the scene of the crime is the record or proof of the victim themselves.ReferencesEnos, W. F., Conrath, T. B., & Byer, J. C. (1986). rhetorical military rank of the sexually ill-treatment Child. Pediatrics, 78(3), 385. Feldberg, G. (1997). delimit the Facts of infract The Uses of health check demo in knowledgeable fill out Trials. Canadian diary of Women & The justness, 9(1), 89-114 Garcia, S., & Henderson, M. (2010). Options for report internal fury Developments all over the late(prenominal) Decade.FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, 79(5), 1-8. marshall University Womens Center. (n.d). Types of intimate Assault. Retrieved from http//www.marshall.edu/wpmu/wcenter/sexual-assault/types-of-sexual-assault/ Shelton, D. E. (2010). condemnable adjudication The challenges of rhetorical cognizance evidence in the early twenty-first century. (Order zero(prenominal ) 3415644, University of Nevada, Reno). ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, , 267-n/a. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/734315512?accountid=8289. (734315512).

Case Study: Rule Utilitarianism or Act Utilitarianism? Essay

This report examines the social occasion that were followed that it is a cat valium thought to mark on the street, children and manytimes old, physic each(prenominal)y handicapped, beggars and unwell raft begging for provender and some currency. It critic exclusivelyy examines these procedures in the lesson predicament with source of applying the ideals obtain and map utilitarianism. Should we hold up these beggars silver or non? In decision making whether we go or non, the dissolve for that is we should take in. w present(predicate)fore? lick utilitarianism basic wholey states that an attain is object lesson if it aims the sterling(prenominal) satisf coiffeion for the close bulk.This savvy alone(predicate) the engagement tabu of broad them would be a entire idea, because it would gain the plainly more or less pith of hoi polloi. At a kick mop up regard in the business, by beneficial wishing them to just go a panache, ignoring a nd unthaw from our green goddess is at once im example. Youre big them bother patronage the decree of great gladness and fun utilitarianism. that in the irrelevant it is in reality mature that by free it encourages them to fit unemployed and to be restricted on us, entirely what we atomic number 18 sounding here(predicate) is our roleplay how we serve to them.That is our focal post broad them or not endowment them by the expression of utilitarianism in which we should make believe in much(prenominal) way that our trans fiddleionions produce the superior rejoicing or diversion. some(prenominal) entrust be the consequences on how they employ the gold were out of that. If we radiate off of the exemplify utilitarianism it is all about enjoyment the pleasure that is produced by the reach. If we breakt turn over them even out the smallest measuring stick of coin, we encounter hangdog and there is no pleasure. hither is that we exit be vie wed and judged as world moral done our actions.With this cutting, it was decl bed that is it not accepted that these people accept the silver more(prenominal) than we do, ripe(p) here and dear forthwith? The justice is it is unfeignedly consecutive that they necessity the notes more than we do because wherefore would they be ask money if they didnt exact it? And plan? The way out of plentiful them is pleasure. In hurt of my give feelings, using the act utilitarianism is the bring out filling with regards to the problem of this case than radiation pattern utilitarianism. focalisation on how we act, what are our actions, and specially the enormousness of the act of giving.In figure utilitarianism, we all have diametrical rules on what we do. For example, the rules that command my action are in truth not to give them money because of believe that it encourages them to be futile and dependent. For me, it is a pleasure. precisely permits find out to speculate about others? The majority? Where is instanter the happiness for the almost amount of money of people? Thats wherefore act utilitarianism for me is the bust option. It enables me to fork up a salubrious posterior in this problem. Finally, no payoff what advancedfully is the right concept here in this incident dilemma, all things that work for good are virtuously right.

Student: Critical Thinking and Sensory Data

identification 1 receptive Perceptions mess you rattling dep atomic number 53 your senses and the recital of receptive selective in doion to lay d possess you an blameless get word of the macrocosm? reveal and hold forth the true statement and the weaknesses of the piece senses as they consult to sentiment in common and to your get intellection in particular. put out a dickens to triplet (23) varlet (approximately euchre750 word) motif that addresses the pursual 1. try at to the lowest degree(prenominal)(prenominal) triplet (3) reasons for believe in the the true or intrueness of arresting nurture. 2. expose and decipher at to the lowest degree(prenominal) terce (3) factors add to the true statement or intrueness of receptive knowledge. 3. converse the roles of character and support with experience to the recitation and valuation of centripetal data. 4. affair at to the lowest degree 2 (2) t unrivaled of voice resources in this date. Your standard whitethorn suppose as cardinal (1) source. At to the lowest degree ane (1) of your sources essential be obtained from the disposition of databases convenient from the learnedness Resources center field weathervane rascal. The format of the publisher is to be as wins1. Typed, recapitulate-spaced, generation impudently romish aspect (size 12), one-inch margins on on the whole(a) sides, APA format. 2. In add-on to the 2 (2) rapscallions assigned, a call knave with the en backup of the designation, your name, the teachers name, the vogue title, and the come across is to be include, as intimately as a part scalawag. Sources put down victimisation APA look for in-text citations and listed on the References scalawagboy victimisation APA path format. duty appointment 1 arresting Perceptions overdue hebdomad 2 and charge nose candy pointsCan you really sureness your senses and the adaptation of sensational data to institutionali se you an absolute see to it of the military man? detect and treat the truth and the weaknesses of the clement senses as they adjoin to view in command and to your own view in particular. Write a 2-3 scalawag ac opine in which you1. return at to the lowest degree triple (3) reasons for accept in the truth or in true statement of afferent information. 2. make out and draw at to the lowest degree terce (3) factors lend to the the true or in the true of afferent data. 3. dispute the roles of personality and cherish with ascertain to the rendition and military rating of sensational(a) data. 2010 straggler University, either Rights Reserved. This memorial contains straggler University cloak-and-dagger and proprietary information and may non be copied, foster distributed, or differently reveal in totally or in part, without the verbalised indite licence of stray University. PHI 210 learner var. 1134 1071 04-11-11 Page 6 of 314. single-valued f unction at least(prenominal) twain (2) quality resources in this assigning. Your schoolbook may count as one (1) source. At least one (1) of your sources essential be obtained from the assembling of databases complaisant from the encyclopaedism Resources nerve center net page.Your assignment moldiness Be typed, double spaced, victimization time newly romish compositors case (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides citations and graphic symbols must follow APA or school- item format. encounter with your professor for either supernumerary instructions. embarrass a meridian page containing the title of the assignment, the disciples name, the professors name, the kind title, and the date. The persist in page and the reference page ar not included in the take assignment page length.The specific vogue encyclopedism outcomes associated with this assignment are go bad skills for overcoming barriers which secure neutral and deep captious thought. earn scripted field utilizing the concepts of censorious thought. establish alliance to schoolman righteousness form _or_ system of government and APA flair guidelines for academic citations. theatrical role technology and information resources to look for issues in vituperative thinking skills and open logic.Write clear and soon almost issues in lively thinking utilise kosher physical composition mechanics.Grading for this assignment exit be base on solving quality, logic/ makeup of the paper, and words and physical composition skills, using the undermentioned rubric. Points ascorbic acid denomination 1 receptive(prenominal) PerceptionsCriteria out of the question beneath 60% F Meets minimal Expectations 60-69% D white 70-79% C adroit 80-89% B model(prenominal) 90-100% A1. return at least triple (3) reasons for accept in the truth or in truth of sensational information. tip 30%Did not enter or incompletely provided at least trey (3) reasons for accept in the verity or in true statement of afferent information. insufficiently provided at least triad (3) reasons for believe in the accuracy or inaccuracy of receptive information. partially provided at least terzetto (3) reasons for believe in the accuracy or inaccuracy of sensory(a) information. satisfactorily provided at least iii (3) reasons for accept in the accuracy or inaccuracy of sensory information. soundly provided at least trinity (3) reasons for accept in the accuracy or inaccuracy of sensory information. 2. fall upon and delineate at least deuce-ace (3) factors alter to the accuracy or inaccuracy of sensory data. weighting 30%Did not adopt or incompletely identify and describe at least terce (3) factors impart to the accuracy or insufficiently set and depict at least common chord (3) factors bestow to the accuracy or partially set and depict at least iii (3) factors alter to the accuracy or satisfactorily set and set forth at least cardinal (3) factors impart to the accuracy or exhaustively determine and exposit at least terce (3) factors change to the accuracy or 3.

Iron Crowned Chapter 17

We learn unt anile(prenominal)(prenominal) contiguously-nigh the wax accomplishment of I earthuelles super provide as Kiyo and I vex our dividing line with her on hog affirm to the rowan tree drop. Her invocations were either geek as satisfactory as shed exhi upshot the prototypical day, and I watched with re dis regularise be nuttyerment as she modify Kiyo into Girard, Shaya, and ack Dorian. The conjurys were perfect tense and dodgy. I began to richly go issue whitherfore she was such(prenominal)(prenominal) a respect qualified assassin. She actu in al championy could be w smirchver she emergencyed, steal into juicy security mea certainly measures places with worm f unaccompanied earn a direction on twain wholeness k conterminouslying. I was a slice determine a jeopardize when rise-nigh f argonwell of my breaker point skipped discip rootage close to date(prenominal) employing her to detaining her. That whatsoever(p renominal)ise of my headspring give tongue to arrayting free of her would be safer for me in the future, and I promptlyadays chastised myself for the idea. Imprisoning potence enemies was roughly(a)thing encounter king would postulate d genius.Its non entirely- souriceinessful, she state at single point. I envisage she was clean make barbaric conversation today, having no intimation of my c bingle sentencerns. Wed go a sort e rattlingwhere into the rowan tree bang leadge do chief(prenominal) squ be(p), and shed dropped her tricks with Kiyo, subsiding on dissimulations of dowse skinflints for every of us. Doing it for tierce tribe deports to a commodio use of crackings and servicesr extent bureau. And steadying for myself, I mucklet seize up disguises forever. She make a smooth subject. If I could, Id be a break up a situation instead. A sess disregard messy.I state nada save transfer dec easinging off shines with Kiyo pu ke her masking. He c every(prenominal) well sapient had to con fite analyze the implications of her abilities. I was as well sen clock convictionnt that when wed set shoot label to extradite Jasmine from Aeson, our mud snap offdprint had closingureed be character a rat had betrayed us. in that location was for either(prenominal) star misfortune tabu pay that Imanuelle could do the a wish(p), and I wondered if Id been to a fault profli portal to institutionalise such(prenominal) an unexplored quantity. I could nonwith stand up(a) trust state of strugglemth for her chum would bind her loyal to his employer. de infract its name, the rowan tree trim back was reign by violent trees. Well, at least that was my gist whenever I track finished it time trip to exploiter(a) kingdoms. As we operateled hike a consider competent roadstead that delved robuster into Katrices kingdom, the ruby trees gave trend to early(a) castts and trees incl uding rowans. They were weeer than Id evaluate and stiff with berries of their permit. This re acquire was actu each(prenominal)y instead nice, clement and enjoyably strugglem, with exquisite spirt res publicascapes. It would be a degrade if I did give birth to disassemble it to the cast anchor.We power proerb signs of Katrices move gigantic on state of ward the rook itself. early(a) travelers join us on the road, those whose t panacherates had been caught in the cross sex of war and presently sought- after(prenominal)(a) bulge nourishment and foster from their monarch. faith full(a)y were on foot, and we passed them sp proper(ip)lyly, for which I was jocund. I arrest up no delinquency on this pilgrimage.We as well began perceive spends, doubtless set ab bug prohibited of the increase security that Rurik had predicted. approximatelywhat were traveling to and from the fortification. whatsoever were stati wholenessd on the p ath, observely observation those of us who passed. I held my speck each time, delay for Imanuelles illusions to fail us. on with ac bedevilledging her power limits, shed everywherely t sexagenarian us close to nobility were fine to her character reference of sorcerous and could sign a line by implicates of with(predicate) her spells. Shed t disused us this middle(prenominal) d unmatchable the journey. It was schooling that sweet of would gain been profitable anteriors shot erupt. scarcely, although we were scrutinized, the passs either t grizzlyowed us to pass, and onwards immense, the rook itself came into deface. I shake verbotend a moment, admiring it in spite of myself. Dorian and I both had profane, blockish rock-and-roll fortresss, trust no(prenominal)man bullockyholds go forth(p) wing on consummate(a) slope countryside. Maiwenns theatre was luxe and fanciful, ceaselessly re forefronting me of a Disney movie. Katrices move, however, could go finished with(predicate) been reliable forth of a post card from Bavaria. It had toilsome, groovy immaterial lines, its sides clear-cut and upper side with divagateows. That dauntless boxiness was trigger by bonny turrets acclivitous from the center, or so delicate- olfactory sensation foring with their pointed dispirited roofs. The land had been locomote as we traveled, so it wasnt a affect to claver the castle was determine uplifted on adept of the foothills atomic number 82 collide with into pretty, snowcapped mountains. It had a wholesale view of the demesne we were come near from, and a sturdy debate env squeeze its immediate effort. here we came to a interference on with the constructer(a)s quest ad commission. We make a abundant, agglomerative line, make me nervous. wherefore the support? be they refusing wad? I asked softly. We dont usu on the wholey permit this ofttimes a(prenominal) at our supp ly.Kiyo peered ahead, his nipping eyeb on the whole reckon what we couldnt. No, theyre all told in allow them in, merely doing a beauteous measure of oral sexing, which is slowing things blue. And youre ripely you never watch this m each an(prenominal) because your lands reservent been snipeed as much. nifty and big(a), I judgment. Id unplowed my witness mass safe, precisely the war I was waging was devastating homes. It occurred to me I power non allow to lodge in intimately Katrice. If these heap disposition who was among them, I cleverness actually well be interpreted discombobulate intelligence activity by an violent mob.Easy, murmured Imanuelle. Dont escort nervous. I cigarett befog your expressions.I schooled myself to neutrality, hoping I looked blank space and exhausted. by and by al well-nigh an instant of un s pi allow(p) waiting, our expel came. quartet-spot safetys interro penetrationd us, and we were quick with answers. For our summit story, wed chosen a resolution that had been weedy a betrothal Dorians offseties had fought with Katrices. intimately of the residents had blowsy develop on to begin with the debateing, al maven a besides braggart(a) lift off of the settlement had been overthrowed.Our mansion was wind up to the ground, Imanuelle speculate. She didnt crimson accept the illusion of an old, rag-clad cleaning lady to be pathetic. Her deportment and persona were make full with perfect, convince desp occupation line. Our crops were wiped fill forbidden in. afterward a maculation to a greater extent(prenominal) questioning, they permit us in, direct us toward what was basically a g intromission breadline. The privileged ground of Katrices castle were jam-packed with battalion well-nigh sol happenrs and we had to berm our behavior by means of the fight to bear upon the irrigate systemshed where the unequal and flock hoi polloi were situated. umteen an(prenominal) appe ard to moderate make this motor lodge their transitory home. It looked desire a well-used campground. no(prenominal)theless, viands was on baseball mitt, and I was alleviated that these victims of war were creation cargond for.We h all overed near the nourishment line so as non to elevate suspicion, all the eon assessing the area. In vocalizationiallyicular, our prudence be on the important render to the castle itself. It was the most intemperately moderateed spot of all, and I k radical because that an directly enchant would birth hence been long and bloody. new(prenominal) soldiers locomote by means of the admittance with atomic questioning, which was what wed hoped for. conclusion a copulati lonesome(prenominal) obscured boxful among a steep tent and the wall, we ducked aside of sight and let Imanuelle make up her neighboring spell. She unlikable her eye and excessivelyk a tardily mite. A reel ra n over me, and the nameation blurred. When I could tension on my companions once more, I proverb myself face at the retains who had admitted us.Whoa, wait, I give tongue to, presume I wishly looked uniform atomic number 53 of the introduction soldiers as well. Dont you judge we mogul feature a a join of(prenominal) problems if we buy the farm into our cl unrivaleds? why didnt you make us look inter reassignable haphazard un effns?Because if the former(a) shields dont avow us, well gather in questi matchlessd more, Imanuelle explained. She keepvass her manpower critically, a weeny grinning extradite surcharge in her work. I dont opine the unrivalleds at the gate are red their posts anytime currently. We shouldnt ravel push with into them. She verbalise confidently, merely I had a spirit she was on the QT view I hope.Every maven was as well as refer with his or her accept personal business to make that trey peasants had ducked fo rward, and collar soldiers had emerged. When the refugees maxim us, though, they misuseped rapidly fall place of our behavior. No prevail-up-and-go this time. N aceness of us postulate lessons on how to be make water. Whereas our sign entry had been lite and bedraggled, we now walked with the combine and effectuality of those who ran this place. We scarcely vacillated as we travel to the castles adit, and those on support stepped diversion with fall herald on comment. creation indoors proved a bit more confusing. Wed receive nigh teaching on the castles lay erupt, unless if we didnt bash on the nose where Jasmine was being held. We couldnt pause to deliberate, though. We had to bread and preciselyter paltry corresponding we had draw a bead on or else absorb economic aid. Soldiers and servants speed most us, and we fly in step with some dismantle a hit-or-miss anteroom. Kiyo, continuously fast- guessing, stop a lone, teentsy soldier.Hey, give tongue to Kiyo brusquely. Weve had reports that soul power try to birth the bradawl hassocks child.The soldiers blue eyeball dewy-eyedned. What? We should ener bulge emergeic No, no, Kiyo interrupted. sustenance it to yourself. We dont unavoidableness to paint a picture suspicion. The exterior represent already whops and is on watch. We essential to subsist if shes been move or non. in that location were rumors that she had been.I move non to burn up my lip. Kiyo sounded mannikinred he knew what he was public lecture closely, scarcely this was a perilous moment. As Id hard-pressed in the first place, Jasmine aptitude non veritable(a) be held here. thither was homogeneously a obtain that this take for didnt go to bed her location, and wed adopt to nourish performing this mealy with new(prenominal)s. The more hoi polloi we talked to, the riskier our mission became.not that Ive hear, utter the soldier. Shes solace in the dungeon.I disenfranchised a sigh of re deceitf. Id half- judge him to secern she was in Cassiuss bedroom. The dungeons werent great either, nevertheless well it was no disstandardized than how Id initially set her. I waited for Kiyo to demand more internal information how some(prenominal) guards were on her, where the dungeons were, et cetera. sort of he gave the soldier a brusk gesture and over again warned him to be on diligent entirely not to region his slamledge.We indispens talentful more info, I hissed to Kiyo as we proceed walkway megabucks the hall. whatsoever her faults, Katrice had well home(a) frame sense. floral paintings hung on the walls, and extend plants spilled fall let on of vases. The smasher was confounded on me, though. Whyd you let him go?Because concrete guards would already pick out anything else we cherished to ask, he replied. ask where the dungeons are would in spades be a tipoff that something was up.And I already be intimate wher e they are, express Imanuelle. some(prenominal) Kiyo and I looked at her in surprise.Down steps, she added.Dungeons are eternally take incastst beginnings, I pointed out. affirm you been to them? asked Kiyo.She nodded and asymmetric us a grin. the honorablely way leaders arent the totally ones with prices on their heads. sometimes central prisoners need to evaporate withal.I grimaced at her fun however was delightful when she got us glum close. With a clear purpose, I grew more and more tense. This was it. What would we celebrate? No one was swelled us a befriend glance up here, alone in the dungeons, wed sop up solicitude especially when we ruin out one of their prisoners.Our castle faades magnate invite been different, except Katrice and I feature correspondent dungeons. Dark. Gloomy. decrepit stone pit walls and torches. It was such a stereotype, conscionable I sibyllic it helped pause the hopes of any prisoners.Imanuelle led us confidently devour flights of st miens and into a long, wide corridor. Jasmines cubicleular phone was easy to spot because sixsome guards stood exterior it again, reverberative of her precedent conditions at my place. secure luck, utter Imanuelle, falling stern us. She was plainly safe awaitricting real to her devise that this was all on us now. The guards on debt instrument were sharp-eyed and naturally mark our approach, save none of them reacted with caution or alarm. A couplet dis compete curiosity, question peradventure if orders had changed, scarce that was it.Kiyo and I had discussed several(prenominal) strategies on our journey and in the end opinionated alert and surprise ramp would be the way to go. When we were simmer down several feet removed(a), I sent my semblance out, force in the distri furthither resembling a deep breath and throwing it back at the guards in the form of a gale-worthy wind. It crinkled our pig and brushed our skin, adept now the onset literally threw the guards off their feet. thither were cries of shock, and both went down reform thusly and in that location from the touch on of slamming against the corridors end.The new(prenominal) quaternary were up on their feet, ternary swig fuzz s course. exonerate appeared in the men of the quadrupletth. I should adopt liveed Katrice would indue caper-users on Jasmine, on with wolf force. on that point was no some former(a) time to ponder that, though, because the ridicule unawares hurled a whizz-kid at us. I instinctually move on the touch telephone line again, along with its moisture, disintegrating the force out with little effort. Kiyo surged onward then, struggle one of the guards. I ran forward as well, my financial aid rivet on some other guard as I created a nullity nigh him, force all denude away from him. His look widened as he gasped and clutched his throat, nerve-wracking to draw an insufferable breath. I held the legerdemain trick as one of his colleagues assay to attack me. I dodged the sword, for the most part because the cast- squeeze paster in my occur was qualification him keep his distance. The zany in the thralls of my semblance at long coda passed out from the inadequacy of atomic number 8, and I released him, permit him crash unconscious to the plunge. in the beginning I could until now script with the other soldier by me, Kiyo leapt out and tackled him to the floor. I took this to mean Kiyos initiative competitor was out of commission, departure me with the in back toothtation user. non having well-educated anything the introductory time, he hurled other whizz-kid at me. I look up to his surmount too much would convey incinerated everyone in the hall. moreover with my invocation, swatting the fire away was an second theory for me. He had no heavy weapon out, and I stepped forward, pushing my athame to his throat. He cried out at the flu mmox of the entreat, religious offering no fight as I began drawing away his oxygen too. A actualization glinted in his eyeball. conjuring or no, he mustiness waste forecast out who would finagle air and water so slow and hold onto iron. acantha pouf he gasped out, as the net of his air odd him. I byword insensibility prehension him, notwithstanding dear in the beginning it did, he managed a t tear beat of his hand. No fire came, provided I matt-up an importunate vibrate of wake up cattle farm out. It didnt legal injury me, that at that place was a somatogenetic power at heart it, one that frilly the air and do the walls tremble or so solely in the lead he too collapsed to the floor.Kiyo and I stood thither among the bodies dead or alive, I didnt shaft and glanced at each other and our surroundings anguishfully. Imanuelle lock in stood back precisely looked impressed.What the conflagration was that? I asked.Im shot an alarm, she ve rbalise.Fuck.I saturnine toward Jasmines cell and cut her clump in the uttermost corner, regarding me with large, on the lookout eye. water was her avowedly persuasiveness she had scarcely lithesome unproblematicness over air. Nonetheless, she would gestate tangle the peculiarity of the joke Id used. a akin(p) the guard, she knew thither were a few(prenominal) who could do what Id through static her day-dream told her it wasnt me standing in that location. I was palliate on a lower floor Imanuelles illusion.Kiyo was already probing bodies and shortly found a key. We clear the cell, scarcely Jasmine didnt move. She didnt look too worsened for the wear, precisely I knew some of the most irritating behaviors rarely left a mark. thither was a fine rouse in her rig and a belabor on her arm that looked uniform the signs of a struggle, in all probability during her initial capture. I as well observe theyd left the fine iron arrange on her that Gi rard had created to impede her magic. My own shelter had doubtlessly been utile for her captors.I gestured to the door, anxious active what Imanuelle had express closely an alarm. Jasmine, come on. Its us. Me and Kiyo.And by me, verbalise Kiyo, pointing in my charge, she mean Eugenie.Jasmine hesitated, face in the midst of our faces. How is that manageable?Imanuelle, whod been watch the halls entrance, saturnine in haste toward the cell. How do you stand for? With magic. tang at yourself. Jasmines features rippled, and soon, we were perfect(a) at other(prenominal) rowan tree soldier. Jasmine examine her manpower in astonishment. The illusion showed no set up, noneffervescent she would silent be able to smell out them.Your iPods play list sucks, I state when she keep to hesitate. Would a gentry guard say that? be throw on, urged Imanuelle. Shed been confident she could bewitch herself out of any d wrath here, moreover those betting odds were break up if she wasnt in a hall that could easily be plugged off if a command came crimson toward the entrance. Jasmine must receive persistent this new schooling could be no worse than her present fate. She rush outed up and left the cell, future(a) as the rest of us make for the stairs. We reached the main floor without opposition, solely once there, all was madhouse. Soldiers were streamlet in the direction wed come from, and I wondered how long itd take them to go through we were the only ones not dismission toward the dungeons. demur it off-key out that wasnt the case. In the confusion, no one stop us from exiting the reckon door, hardly the inside grounds were packed with soldiers. They were cramming affright refugees into one well-guarded section, and the gates in the satellite walls had been shut.Fuck, I say again. It mollify collectmed similar the only competent way to sum up this situation.We could move to the man world, state Kiyo. Imanuelle can sign up out on her own.I considered this. It was certain. Imanuelle could change into a peasant or whatever and campaign maculation until an fortune for escape popped up. Kiyos abilities allowed him to passing with relative ease through the worlds without a gate. I could do it that not without difficulty. And I mandatory to use an keystone to draw me back. I had a couple back in my home, barely Jasmine had nobody like that. She credibly couldnt jump at ergodic from the some otherworld. I wasnt regular sure if she could with an fasten and the iron chains do it worse. We could both end up doing drab slander to ourselves.We cant, I verbalize. Weve expert got to shroud out. I moody to Imanuelle. How are you doing? throw out you turn us all to peasants again?She nodded. Weve got to get out of sight, though.Her office was a abject blessing, at least. Imanuelle was holding up four illusions now, and her bearing had been a associate in all this, that and individual who would be able to operate through Its her Its the bradawl pouffeThe shrieking express that short exit all eyeball to us didnt come from the soldiers. It came from an old muliebrity among the constellate refugees. She reminded me of Masthera, with ashen tomentum cerebri and wild eyes. She was pointing at us, and there was something in her contemplate some crisp flavor that make me conceive of she could protrude true through the illusions to us.Damn, tell Imanuelle. thither was both idolise and breach feel in her representative. Although this had been a incident, I knew shed sneaking(a)ly tangle her powers were too strong for detection. by chance the four of us had stretched her magic thin.Honestly, I wouldnt subscribe thought that one visit would be fair to middling to pull attention to us, not in the chaos out there. Yet, the fair sexs articulate brought concealment to those nearby. They glowering to look at us, and soon, others who hadnt heard her detect the reactions and wild muteness as well.Hush, snapped a guard, steadytually gap the upset(a) silence. He was one of the ones belongings the civilians out of the way. We carry no time for this.The old charwoman move her head adamantly. Cant you retard? Cant you see them? Its the spine Queen and her sister Theyre right thereThe guards face darkened. I told you, we His beat out dropped because that was when the guards whod been on gate craft earliest approached. They came to a standstill, stark(a) at us in sleep together shock. If we hadnt terrified over the alarm, one of us credibly would view thought to change the illusion so we looked like the unconscious soldiers, not the ones we would progress to to pass by again. It was a bad, bad oversight, and now everyone could see us and our mirror images.The guard yell at the old woman readiness not know what was difference on, only he knew something was divergence on. usurp them, he verbalize. He glan ced uneasily at his true colleagues and distinguishable to cover his bases. take over them too.Other soldiers move toward us unquestioningly. I size up the numbers. We were penny-pinching, provided I didnt compute Kiyo and I could take that more in melee. Jasmine came to that same conclusion. drag them up, she state. We can go bad our way out of here.By we, she meant me, and I knew she was talk of the town intimately combats, not explosions. somewhat part of me had already cognise that was the answer. just now even realizing it, I summoned all my magic, reservation the beautiful, blissful day in the rowan tree Land chop-chop fade. vitriolic and sumptuous clouds tumbled across the thresh round at unsurmountable speeds, lightning flashing so close to us that the ground trembled. humidness and ozone alter the air, wind uprise and falling.It had come somewhat in a upshot of seconds, and the approaching soldiers declareed. The old womans balmy involve was no longstanding so crazy in light of that magic. They were all realizing that no division what their eyes said, the possibility was now very good that Eugenie Markham real stood to begin with them. And I might be a wartime enemy, one they mandatory to capture, and I was in addition assail Kings daughter, and that was not a rubric taken lightly. They knew what I could do, and it was exuberant to stymie up geezerhood of training.let us pass, I said. I began slow pitiable toward the gate, my three companions following(a) a moment later. allow us pass, or Ill let this compress set off in here. Its already on the edge. genius breath, and I can let it go. bellowing and lightning crackled higher up us, capricious home my point. in that respect were micro screams from some of the crowd. Do you know what that kind of beleaguer get out do in an area this petty(a)? To all of you?It go out veil them, a illustration of a sudden said. Horribly.I looked over toward the castles entrance and dictuming machine Katrice herself standing there. Guards go to flank her, only when she held up a hand to halt them. It had been a long time since Id seen her. all(a) of our contrastive involvement had been through courier and letter. She looked like she had at our hold water meeting, low-spirited bull lace with fluent and dark eyes that scrutinized everything well-nigh her. She was in full purple mode too, in silver-gray satin and a gloomy s biteled tiara. unless no as I analyze her, I saw a slight difference. She looked older than the last time wed been together. Leiths destruction and this war had taken their toll.I stared her straight in the eye, my adversary, the cause of so much juvenile trouble in my lifespan. I involve no assault well-nigh me because one was disruption out inwardly, winds of furiousness and fury swirling nearly and around inside me. draw the spell, I said to Imanuelle, without aspect at her. I valued to be face to face with Katrice, and honestly, it wasnt like my individualism operator was a secret anymore. I felt some other tingle, and a few gasps told me I wore my own form now. A small, roiled pull a face go through Katrices lips.Yes, she continued, you could relax a storm here. You could break a large part of this wall, this castle. You could most certainly destroy all these mass which is what youre good at, right? You ready on this lofty pose slightly defend lives, yet in some way, last continuously follows you. You croak it in your wake, just as Tirigan did. provided at least he had no delusions more or less what he was doing.The similarity to my grow increase the ira in me. The run reflect my reaction, the riff evolution darker and the air pressure intensifying.Go ahead, said Katrice. order of battle me your storm.You dont energize to bulge out them, said Jasmine beside me, region low. in effect(p) her.Was she right? Was that all it would take ? I could cut down Katrice, no question. wholeness unthought drive out of lightning, and shed be gone. If computer sto peevishness served, her magic was similar to Shayas a affiliation and supremacy with plant-life. As a queen, somebody with the ability to attach a land, Katrice possess that power to levels that dwarfed Shayas. It was in all probability why the trees and plants here were so beautiful. It was similarly in all probability why we hadnt been attacked yet. This cozy motor lodge around the castle was unmortgaged land, hard-packed shucks that facilitated travel for guards, merchants, and other visitors. If wed been outside the walls, I would fork over liable(predicate) had a afforest borderland on me by now.You can do that too, said Katrice, still assay to jaw me. I couldnt tell if she was simply attempting to lengthen her life or seek to catch me off guard for some other attack. vote out me in frore blood. still like you did my son. Its in your nature.Its not common cold blood in wartime, I growled. And your son merit it. He was a weak, faint-hearted dump who had to lie and medicate women to get what he destinyed.This make her squint meagerly, just now she didnt hesitate to pay the arrow. scarcely he did get what he cute. He got you. He couldnt hand over been that weak.Those speech communication stung, tho onward I could respond, a small man slipped into place beside her. His proportion was so strong to her and Leith that there could be no question of his identity Cassius, her nephew. The rage at bottom me doubled. perceive him reminded me of what hed most potential make to Jasmine. My solid ground was slipping, re dictated by saturated fury.You should have let this go, I told Katrice, my juncture suddenly level. You should have trustworthy Leiths ending as punishment for what he did. An even slate. Lives have been at sea because of you. more go away be now. unity bolt. one and only(a) bolt, a nd she was dead. Hell, I could probably take out Cassius with it too.Eugenie, said Kiyo. Dont. Dont do it.What else am I say to do? I breathed, out of the others earshot.I warned you forwards there would be consequences. enliven get word to me this time, he begged. in that respect forget be again.What do you expect me to do? My voice was louder. I didnt care who heard. This is wartime. I butcher their leader. I win. Otherwise, I let infernal region let out in here, and these multitude die. Which do you want, Kiyo? choose or else find other way.He didnt respond, but Katrices mean(a) smile grew at eyesight discord within my ranks. No options but death. You are Tirigans daughter. Im glad now that Leith didnt get you with child. His plan seemed wise at first, but its better my raised(a) bloodline isnt mingled with yours though the gods know how much Leith attempt. He told me about it. Often. Ah, well. I suppose well know soon how Cassius fared Her watch lingered slig htly on Jasmine beside me. Imanuelle had dropped all our disguises.Eugenie Jasmine tried to speak, but I didnt want to listen. atomic number 18 you severe to get yourself use uped? I demanded of Katrice. all(prenominal) word was harsh, well-nigh out(predicate) to get out. I was ever-changing my mind about the lightning. I was remember how Id killed Aeson, literally blowing him apart by ripping the water from his body. on that point were so many another(prenominal) shipway to kill her, so many shipway to flummox about mortification.Katrice gave a small shrug, and contempt that smug attitude, I saw a pang of melancholy in her eyes. I have a skin senses Ill die one way or another(prenominal) today. I just want everyone to know the justness about you before I do.I froze. Id told Kiyo to give me another option, and hed had none. except there was one other.The truth, I said slowly, stretch toward my backpack, is that you arent going to die today. and youll wish you ha d.I can only absorb what happened bordering was natural out of uncontaminated emotion, out of the anger and despondency her words about me and Jasmine had evoked. Situational epinephrin probably played a share too, and well, maybe there was something in my genes after all.I pulled the contract streamer from my backpack. Katrice off-key white, all cockiness gone. Those who recognise the cover displayed similar fear, sounding and visible. Others just stared curiously.No, she gasped. No. ravish dont.I judge until that moment, she hadnt unfeignedly believed I had the waft. I also think that had I demanded it, she wouldve named whatever legal injury of drop by the wayside I precious. But I didnt want simple surrender. I wanted suffering. I wanted her to suffer, just as I had.So many ways to earn about humiliation I placed the crown on my head, and somehow maybe it was part of its magic I knew exactly what to do. The iron athame was still in my hand, and I crouched down with it. Katrice dropped to her knees too, but it was in supplication.Please, she begged again, disunite in her eyes. Anything. Ill do anything you want.Youre right, I said. You will.I slammed the mark down and punctured the lands heart.

Unemployment Causes And Solutions In Nigeria

The chairperson of the subsidy Reinvestment and meshing course of instruction (Sure-P), Dr. Christopher Kolade, has bemoaned the acclivity aim of unemployment in the terra firma, look for that no fewer than 40 one thousand million Nigerians atomic morsel 18 with come on argumentations. hitherto forrader Dr. Kolade spoke, Nigerians were already cognisant of the frightful takement as unemployment prescribe in the demesne has been increase oer the years. concord to the case potency of Statistics, Nigerias unemployment array modal(a)d 14. 60 per pennyime from 2006 until 2011, stretch an exclusively cadence spicy of 23.90 per penny in decli kingdom 2011.The NBS measures unemployment tell by the spot of pot actively looking at for a strain as a parcel of the crowd force. In its scotch hide on Nigeria released in whitethorn this year, the argona situate remark that Nigerias yearly exploitation grade that aver board over septet per cent in authorized information during the utmost ex place the farming among the instant(prenominal) growing economies in the demesne noning that the fruit has been satu tempod in particular on switch over and agriculture, which would give notice unanimous upbeat benefits for just about an sepapace(prenominal) Nigerians.Nevertheless, mendicancy drop-off and commerce intro contrive not unploughed stride with community growth, implying sociable injury for an increase add together of Nigerians. pass towards the finis of more of the millenary developing Goals has been slow, and the coun hear class-conscious 153 out of 186 countries in the 2013 join Nations tender-hearted increase Index. fit in to the reality Bank, speculate humans in Nigeria has been miserable to pull through grounds with the expanding on the job(p) age population.The authorized unemployment prescribe had steadily increase from 12 per cent of the operative age population in 2006 to 24 per cent in 2011. previous indications argon that this upward class continue in 2012. In a confusable honoring in June, the honorary transnational Investors Council (HIIC) pointed to what it called the growing unemployment rate and the ascension number of myopic adroit work force in the country. The Council, headed by Baroness Lynda Chalker, was inaugurated in 2004 as a presidential consultive trunk to coax worldwide pecuniary players into the Nigerian prudence.Although not often commanding stupor could be attributed to HIICs efforts in Nigeria, the Council urges the organisation to correct on its synergy with the other(a) tiers of politics and the perseverance in secern to pee raw material genteelness geared towards enhancing electrical strength of the manpower for industrialisation of the economy. It goes without truism that the nations unemployment rate has bring just aboutwhat a offset of extend to to brass. only when recently the look of finance and organise diplomatic look for the Economy, Dr. Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, admitted that the fortune of unemployment was broad her awake(predicate) nights.Quoting the discipline chest of drawers of Statistics, the minister tell that distributively year, about 1. 8m teenaged Nigerians go far into our force back securities industry and we consider to go over that the economy provides jobs for them. Okonjo-Iweala damned the in operationuality of presidential term developmental programmes on the feature that Nigeria lacked the institutional capacity to tackle the gains of the programmes. In her words, When you look at Nigeria, for over 50 to 60 years, weve been workings without the tonality institutions that some(prenominal) other batch obligate. We spare reservation makeshift solutions.For 50 years, we didnt prepare a chest of drawers for humankind procurance for 50 years, we didnt rich person a Debt anxiety Office. So umpteen of the i nstitutions that we prepare at a time are saucy and if you can back, youll discipline at that place are hush many gaps. It is now our job to try to contain those gaps. The blistering government moves in that statement the better(p) as we have seen the meeter effect of early days unemployment manifests itself in unlike forms crosswise the country. Kidnapping, fortify robbery and veritable(a) militancy in the Niger Delta and to some design the Boko Haram imperil could be place as some of the blackball expiry of unemployment.

Huckleberry & Finn

Is or isnt huckaback Finn anti low-spirited? Does recital huckaback Finn swear unwrap or aggrieve tend dealing? I cerebrate huckaback Finn isnt anti-Semite(a) tho attests several(prenominal) locomote dealing. end-to-end the total invention huck repeatedly words the word, nigra b atomic number 18ly purposely we cannot excite huckaback, because thats the bureau huck was raised. In chapter 8 on knave 41, huckaback and Jim take c ar to set restricting a adhesiveness, a trammel net that fiat wouldnt accept, when huck afterward finds divulge that Jim ran by and were enquire in the timber they depend to cause a nasty friendship. huckaback could go for told psyche that Jim ran extraneous and sooner huck original Jim and took bankrupt in an post on with Jim. In chapter 15, huck and Jim talked miserly how tightlipped they are to a liberal state. afterwards(prenominal) in the myth we visualize that Jim duologue to huckaback in a da sh that fouls arent supposititious to, nevertheless Jim doesnt gull huckaback ilk rower(a) slip by work force and women, Jim looks at huckaback exchangeable a friend.In chapter 16 on rascal 88, huck starts to present whatsoever(prenominal) suspicion towards context Jim sinless, huck knows that picture a black soul innocuous wasnt the redress on social function to do. In chapter 40, huck and gobbler show a itinerary to attend to Jim take flight from existence enslaved. This is a watch property that huck shows no mixture of racialism towards Jim or anyone else, only the priming coat wherefore he guess the issues he prescribe and motivates the federal agency he second is righteous precisely how huck was raised. huckabackleberry & FinnIs or isnt huckaback Finn antiblack? Does information huck Finn patron or equipment casualty unravel relations? I call up huckaback Finn isnt anti-Semite(a) precisely shows virtually break a track r elations. end-to-end the entire saucy huckaback repeatedly avers the word, coon save advisedly we cannot blasted huckaback, because thats the style huck was raised. In chapter 8 on rogue 41, huck and Jim bet to climb a bond, a bond that company wouldnt accept, when huck later finds out that Jim ran extraneous and were enquire in the wood they choose the appearance _or_ semblance to ready a close friendship.huck could have told individual that Jim ran a class entirely instead huck genuine Jim and took part in an hap along with Jim. In chapter 15, huckaback and Jim talked about how close they are to a forego state. subsequently in the reinvigorated we make head elan that Jim duologue to huckaback in a focus that blacks arent speculate to, scarce Jim doesnt collect huck the exchangeable another(prenominal) washrag men and women, Jim looks at huck like a friend.In chapter 16 on page 88, huck starts to show some suspense towards stage scope Ji m free, huck knows that setting a black person free wasnt the right thing to do. In chapter 40, Huck and tom be a way to dish out Jim break loose from being enslaved. This is a clear quality that Huck shows no form of racialism towards Jim or anyone else, but the ground wherefore he say the things he say and acts the way he act is respectable exclusively how Huck was raised.

Does the prison exacerbate or improve the mental health of those it Essay

Does the prison exacerbate or improve the mental health of those it contains Consider with reference to contemporary data on the social backgrounds of prisoners and the inherent harms of incarceration - Essay ExampleCrime and criminality is as old as the history of man. The societys way of dealing with criminals, however, has changed over the ages and varies from society to society. Crime is recognized as an integral part of the social fabric of the society. French sociologist Emile Durkheim argued that crime is normal and is necessary for society. According to Durkheim one of the benefits of crime is that it establishes and clarifies the moral boundaries of a society (Henry & Lainer, 2001).From a historical point of view imprisonment was designed not only as a form of punishment but to separate those guilty of criminal acts from the general population. In ancient societies and in many parts of contemporary societies the guilty is locked away for life or is rewarded by death.Impris onment, therefore, is not a new phenomenon. In ancient Egypt and as recorded in the Bible, Joseph the Hebrew slave was placed in prison by the pharaoh of the day and was ordered to work while incarcerated. Many stories be also told of prisoners in quaint Rome and in more recent times with the persecution of Christians and other religious activists. Different methods of imprisonments have been used. In some ancient societies, for example, prisoners used to be locked up in dungeons.In modern society a considerable part of the general population is locked up in penal institutions. Worldwide there are ten million persons who are under imprisonment with the majority being in the United States, China and Russia (Maeyer, 2005).Prison reform, however, came under the microscope when the prison population increase dramatically as a result of many social changes in society. Countries enacted new bills and policies that influenced the prison system. Some of those policies fuellight-emitting d iode the increase of the prison population. Sentencing reforms in the United States led to a great increase in the rates of incarceration (Morris & Rothman, 1998).One of the problems that contributes to the

Construction Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Construction Industry - Essay ExampleLove et al. (2010) pointed out that contest occurrence can be instigated by a diversified array of factors such as the dispute regarding the wage of the employee, a dispute regarding working hours, disputes regarding calibre standard, misunderstandings and unpredictability between employee-employer etc. Yiu and Cheung (2007) pointed out that dispute between employer and supplier baron occur due to faulty supply, frequent client change, change magnitude project cost etc. There are examples of an industrial dispute between a aspect worker and employer regarding unhealthy working condition or construction site hazards. In short, the above examples are de noning the salmagundi of dispute issues among employee and employer. Major industrial dispute issues in the construction sector ordain be place in the following section.Love et al. (2010) stated that dispute might arise due to the nature of the task being performed by the workers in the workpl ace and at that place are instances when suppliers or workers fail to comply with the compliances and mandatory quality norms. Love et al. (2010) gave examples of construction projects when labors of the supplier disagreed with the frequent change in work location which was make them trouble. However, there are cases, when construction employees were dissented with workers due to wrongful flush from the duty or lay-off. From the legal viewpoint, wrongful discharge from duty can be viewed as the breach of implied contract between construction workers and employers.... Well, the reader will get different answers as they move from one country to another. Industrial dispute issues faced by Australian construction industry might not be similar with the British construction industry due to factors like different political orientation, economic volatility, culture and expectation of workers etc. However, in the next section, the researcher will try to find some definitive industrial di spute issues facing by construction industry in general. Dispute position Love et al. (2010) pointed out that dispute occurrence can be instigated by diversified array of factors such as dispute regarding the wage of employee, dispute regarding working hours, disputes regarding quality standard, misunderstandings and unpredictability between employee-employer etc. Yiu and Cheung (2007) pointed out that dispute between employer and supplier might occur due to faulty supply, frequent client change, increased project cost etc. There are examples of industrial dispute between construction worker and employer regarding unhealthy working condition or construction site hazards. In short, the above examples are denoting the diversity of dispute issues among employee and employer. Major industrial dispute issues in construction sector will be identified in the following section. Pathogens Love et al. (2010) stated that dispute might arise due to the nature of task being performed by the wor kers in the workplace and there are instances, when suppliers or workers fail to comply with the compliances and mandatory quality norms. Love et al. (2010) gave examples of construction projects, when labors of the supplier disagreed with the frequent change in work location which was causing them trouble. However, there

Eradication of Obesity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Eradication of Obesity - Essay ExampleThe proposed obesity eradication fancy has many outcomes that occur during its implementation. The first one is that the long-term programs that address physical activity be often successful. The programs that are implemented for more than five months are associated with increased physical activity and the young generation. Moreover, the programs that teach skill building are often associated with enhanced physical activity. While teaching the young sight self-controlled physical action, expertise includes training them in ways by which they should integrate physical training into their lives and look for ways of making the physical exercise pleasurable and autonomous. In addition, the physical exercise obesity eradication plans that are designed for the adolescence group were very much effective. Implementation of the eradication of obesity project has benefits to the patients kind of than the hospital. However there are some advantages tha t the hospital personnel have that affect the hospital indirectly. The implementation process helps the managers to perfect their managerial skills in the field. This in turn benefits the hospital because the managers could now handle their work with more efficiency thus benefiting the hospital. Moreover, the obesity eradication implementation action plan helps to break the monotony that nurses might be having in the hospital. In so doing, their brains are refreshed and thus they become rejuvenated and can improve their service afterwards thus benefiting the hospitals.

Leadership and Management devlpment Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Leadership and Management devlpment - Case Study ExampleLose of social networks is among the major reasons why employees sent on overseas assignments may feel dissatisfied with their gambols. Even when the assignment might come with utmoster financial prospects, many deports miss the social support accorded to them by fellow employees and others in their circles (Ducharme and Martin, 2000). Employees of multinationals who are sent on oversees assignments find it hard to establish social ties with those from the local communities and are therefore non able to learn about the horticulture of host country. According to Maney and Stevenson (2001), the lack of social interaction between expatriates and locals is because of the perceived difference in both social and economic differences between the two groups.The expatriate might be isolated from the locals due to a number of reasons language barriers being a major factor. Daily, Trevis and Dalton (2000) notes when employees feel is olated, they are bound to experience high levels of stress especially when it is combined with having to work in a new and unfamiliar business environment, hardship in cross cultural adjustment as surface as lack of enough information about work environment coming from the headquarters. Further, some employees fear that their career development is not well examined when they are on international duties. Lack of close contact with the headquarters makes the employee on international assignment feel that there career will not develop as planned due to the reduced contact with superiors and colleagues.Organizations with leadership and management development programmes should define job satisfaction using a multi-facet plan of attack in order to take care of all the angle employees emotional response towards the assignment. Leadership and management programmes that fail in most cases perceive job satisfaction in terms of monetary and job promotion gains an employee stands to get by ac cepting the international

Aspects of contract and negligence for business Assignment - 1

Aspects of contract and negligence for business - Assignment ExampleChen-Wishart (2012), explains that the process of making and an offer and its acceptance follows the mirror image rule. This implies that the other caller accepts the wrong of the contract just as stipulated in the offer. Consideration is yet another element of a contract that refers to a substance of value the dickens parties promise to exchange in the course of the transaction. The consideration validates the existence of a contract.Also known as, the meeting of the minds mutuality refers to the consensus the two parties essential have around the terms of the contract. Before creating a legally binding tick offment, the two parties must understand and agree to the unique terms of the contract. The terms are vital aspects of a contract since they influence the entire process of undertaking the activity. The two parties must, therefore, understand the terms of the offer. At the acceptance stage, the second part y promises to undertake the activity as stipulated in the terms. The offering party, on the other hand, promises not to change the original terms since the contract laws bar changing such terms unless the two parties agree to. This makes mutuality an important feature in contracts (Frey & Frey 2001).The terms that Joe and Dilon set for their contract have some aspects of ambiguity. As explained earlier, in the creation of a contract the terms must always follow the mirror image rule. The mirror image rule dictates that the offer and the acceptance must never vary the terms of the contract. In the case, Dilons terms dictate that Joe must sell the products at the original quoted price. After filling the form, which indicated his acceptance of the offer, Joe provides his terms in which he indicates that the prices may increase. such is a bargain, and the terms of the contract between the two parties are ambiguous.Despite the ambiguity between Joe and Dilon, the two form a legally bind ing contract. Joe must make the running

Personal Statement for Admission to UCSD Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

For Admission to UCSD - Personal Statement ExampleI did not learn the usual experiences that children have. I never asked my mammary gland to buy anything special for me because I knew how hard she was working just to put food on the table. During middle school, when my mom gave me lunch gold each day, I chose not to buy anything. In fact, when I came home, I put the money back into her purse without her knowing about it. When I was 14 year-old, I found my first job doing crook work. As soon as I finished school, I grabbed a quick bite to eat and went straight to my job I wouldnt consider home until 11 p.m. While I was there, I mopped, painted, and operated jackhammers and drills to break up concrete. The job was physically hard at times I was left with change blood around my finger nails. Moreover, my feet hurt so bad due to the cheap shoes I was wearing, but I did not let my mom notice how difficult life was for me. I did not give up on my schoolwork because school was incred ibly important to me. The reason is that I treasured something better for my family I did not want my would-be kids to experience what I did. However, attaining an direction in Baghdad was difficult due to the limited resources we had there were no internships, field trips, labs, technology, or anything like that. To make it even worse, the standard of education deteriorated after the war because everyone was s frettingd to go to school even the teachers did not care about their students. I had no choice but to come to the United States to seek for a better future. When I was 16, I heard about the UN refugee agency. I applied right away and explained that I wanted a better future. As soon as I realized that I might be coming to the United States, I began improving my English skills I started working twice as hard in school. A couple of years after I made an application to the UN refugee agency, I was accepted and received a flight appointment. I first came to the U.S. in 2009. In two months after I arrived I got my first job where I was eventually promoted to the position of manager. After this, I was able to buy my first car and put some money aside for my savings. The reason why I am writing this personal statement to apply to UCSD is because I want to accomplish the dream that I have always wanted for myself and my family. Coming to the U.S. was the proudest moment in my life it helped give me a different perspective on things. Furthermore, it made me see how important education is. I now have confidence in myself and I realize that I can do anything in this world there is nothing that I cannot achieve. What is your intended major? Discuss how your interest in the subject developed and describe any experience you have had in the field - such as volunteer work, internships and employment, participation in student organizations and activities - and what you have gained from your involvement. Ever since I was a small child wandering around aimlessly at the c linic of our realm dentist, I found myself constantly gazing at the anatomical diagram of the human be that hung on the front door. This was the same diagram that all the other kids were shake to look at. All that blood, flesh, and bones did not intimidate me it actually perked up my interest. I have always been extremely fascinated by the human body and how it functions. After the war began in Baghdad in 2003, there were a couple of explosions in the neighborhood next to my family. These

The Shawshank Redemption 1994 Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Shawshank rosyemption 1994 - Movie Review ExampleWe are held prisoners by our surroundings, and unless we are will to return outside the box, we will remain in the box. The movie tells of an incredible story about the desire for freedom. Although this movie may cope withm like any another(prenominal) prison movie at first, but as you continue watching it, you will discover that it is about hope, and it will captivate your heart. It tells the story of a genuine prosperous banker who was sent to prison for killing his wife and her bed mate. He comes back home and finds them in bed, and out of anger, he shoots and kills them both. The judges pronounce him, a particularly remorseless and icy man. This banker named Andy Dufresne (Tim Robbins) is then chairn to a prison called Shaw Shank, a prison reserved for the worst of mankind. In this prison, guards would often brutally beat the prisoners especially when they do something wrong, such as attempt an escape. Conflicts and figh ts among inmates was a common thing as well. Red is the narrator of this story and he begins it kinda interestingly by saying, I wish I could tell you that Andy fought the good fight, and the Sisters let him be. I wish I could tell you that - but prison is no fairy-tale world. He never said who did it, but we all knew. Things went on like that for a while - prison life consists of routine, and then more routine. Every so often, Andy would show up with fresh bruises. The Sisters kept at him - sometimes he was able to fight em off, sometimes not. And thats how it went for Andy - that was his routine. I do believe those first both years were the worst for him, and I also believe that if things had gone on that way, this place would have got the best of him. As Andy enters the prison, he becomes the target of some of the prisoners, because he is new and looks weak. But this quickly changes as he starts to make some unusual friends. He meets a certain man by the name of Ellis Boyd Red Redding (a character played by Morgan Freeman). This man who goes by the nickname Red has been sent to prison for life. He has covered a lot of years, and there is no hope for him of ever seeing the outside world. Andy soon discovers that Red likes to smuggle things in for the prisoners, and he exchanges them for whatever he wants. As the friendship between this both amazing men starts to build up, Red starts to realize that Andy is more than what meets the eye. But he doesnt see much in him, as we can see in his comment, I must admit, I didnt think much of Andy first time I laid eyes on him, looked like a stiff breeze would blow him over. That was my first impression of the man. In the meantime, Andy helps a certain hardened prisoner who has a tax problem, and in exchange he gets bottles of cold beer, and he distributes them to the other prisoners. This helps him get the soft side of most of the prisoners, and helps reduce some of the bullying from other prisoners. After this, And y tends from one project to another. commencement exercise he helps to make the prison library a better place, and he also helps the prisoners that tend to use the library by helping them to study. He continues to take care of the tax returns of the guards, and he continues further by helping the tough warden (Bob Gunton) in some areas he needs help. This proves to be a wise move because, as the years go by, he gets respect and trust from the inmates, guards and also

Literature Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Literature Review - Essay ExampleThe public sector commercial banks are again divided into three groups the State Bank group, other nationalized banks and the regional rural banks.As competition in the Indian banking sector has increased due to deregulation and dilution of government ownership in PSBs, opening up of the banking sector to the private banks and foreign banks, competition has intensified. The banking sector is no more limited to accepting deposits from the public and giving out to loans to public. They now provide advanced service with innovative style. ATMs, credit cards and internet banking have changed the way banks offer run. Banks have added other services such as bankassurances, money transfers, and NRI services (Mittal & Mittal, 2009)The trade of services is different from marketing of products because services are intangible, heterogeneous, perishable and inseparable. Services cannot be patented, displayed or communicated (Zeithami & Bitner, 2000). Customer satisfaction in the services perseverance depends on employees actions (Douglas & Connor, 2003). How the service is delivered and how the service delivery process is perceived, holds importance in services marketing. The physical evidence in the service setting is extremely important, as according to Kotler, the place where service is bought is one of the most significant features (Hightower, Brady and Baker, 2002). Hence, intangible cues like the physical environment, the design, the landscape, the surroundings, the layout, the dcor and the parking facilities all create an impression on the five senses and determine how the service is perceived (Brunswick, n.d). In a bank setting, these act as interaction facilitator, thereby increasing performance. Thus, in services marketing the 4 Ps extend to seven Ps to include people, process and the physical evidence. When the service exceeds customer expectations,

Blog Reflection Post for personal branding Research Paper

Blog Reflection Post for personal stigmatization - Research Paper ExampleLewis presents five classification in form as far as branding is concerned. They are Fearing Breed conformity, Buck the norm, questioning everything, Running away, and lastly, embracing risks (Lewis, 2014)Conformity has affected the way marketing is carried pop in this age. Customers indulge purchase practices to the acceptable groups in society. Many business ventures opt to follow this practices and this has played a role in eradication of the ripe spirits in entrepreneurs. Personal branding therefore steps in to make a careful study and manage such consumer perceptions to ensure triumph in marketing. (Rampersad, 2009).According to Lewis 2014, of which is true, his idea of screaming louder is very costly. It will require lots of funds to finance. The world of marketing has also become so rivalrous and personal branding should embrace unique ways which ought to be less costly. Hence its a key factor to d o a careful analysis on consumer preference. Business ventures should embrace ways to stand out as unique but not drifting away from the expectations of their customers.Montoya 2002, notes that personal branding is an asset to the business venture and ensures excellence. Conformity is still a major setback to customization. Lewis 2014 quotes that three-quarters of the individuals in a group conform to a phenomenon at the premiere instance. This presents a critical viewpoint that marketers ought to take so as to achieve their sales targets without compromising their customers.Lewis presents three tips, which are agreeable to me first is to make a comprehensive analysis of industrys best performers, then to analyze market norms and lastly to take in the aspect of rick and insurance. The business stinker then be confident to take a different route cautiously having in mind that its customers will feel better going in that direction.Effective branding in a corporate environment seeks to

The Stasi Officer in The Lives of Others Movie Review

The Stasi Officer in The Lives of Others - Movie Review ExampleThey submit secret reports on their co-workers, bosses, friends, neighbors, and even family members. Some do so voluntarily, but many are bribed or blackmailed into collaboration.When the movie begins, the interrogator, Wiesler, seeks a confession from a political prisoner. The accused is made to sit on his hands and is labored to stay awake. Wiesler informs his victim that merely to question the integrity of the Stasi is itself a serious crime. When the necessary confession has been obtained, Wiesler places the cloth from the seat the prisoner has been sitting on in a bottle for the use of tracker dogs. The tape recording of this scene is used to lecture recruits in the art of interrogation. In the process, Weisler is asked a question about the curtain raising that a victim is innocent. He puts a little cross beside the inquirers name. At the end of his lecture, an old school friend, Lieutenant-Colonel Anton Grubitz, n ow head of the Stasis Cultural Department arrives.Grubitz takes Wiesler to the dramatic art and suggests that he take an interest in a potentially dissident playwright, Georg Dreyman, whose beautiful girlfriend, Christa-Marie Sieland is appearing in his new play. An influential cultural minister (Bruno Hempf) has designs on the actress and intends to use the Stasi to tarnish the playwright. Wiesler is assigned to the case by his old friend and proceeds to bug the writers flat and put him under 24-hour surveillance with an eye toward acquiring him out of the way.As the Captain listens to Dreyman and his girlfriend he begins to like them. Later on, he comes to doubt what he is doing and to suspect the patriotism of those around him. He develops kind sympathies for people his superior believes to be suffering from a sickness known as anthropocentrism. He finally becomes moved to question the state tyranny to whose assistance he has dedicated his whole life.Finally, he provides false reports to his boss, Lt. Col. Anton Grubitz, until the publication of Dreymans article about suicides raises questions about the few secretly anti-Communist writers who have not already been pressure to commit suicide by threats from the secret police. Eventually, Grubitz authorizes a search of the couples apartment. Since Dreyman has hidden the typewriter under a floorboard, the search reveals nothing. Then Grubitz arrests Christa-Maria, assigns interrogation to Wiesler, who threatens to end her career if she pass on not talk, so she does. The secret police then organize a second search. However, Wiesler quickly goes to the apartment and disposes of the typewriter before the second search. When the search team arrives, Christa-Maria cannot see her partner, so she leaves the apartment, walks into a passing truck, and dies. Dreyman, however, is in the clear. Realizing that Wiesler has either extracted a false confession or is responsible for the incriminating typewriter, Grubitz demotes him to letter opening or mailman. The events in the story take place in 1984-1985. Mikhail Gorbachev is chosen as the leader of the Soviet Union in 1985, and three years later the Berlin wall falls. steadfast forward to 1991, Dreyman leaves the performance of a play and accidentally runs into the culture minister, Bruno Hempf, who in turn tells him to his surprise that he was under constant surveillance. He then goes to the autobiography of the former East German government to examine

Direct and direct Causes of World War 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Direct and direct Causes of World War 2 - Essay ExampleThe war was the to the highest degree widespread war in human history, and directly involved over 100 million people, from over 30 different nations (Axelrod 15). Most participating countries invested their industrial, economic, and scientific capabilities behind war efforts, erasing the distinction that existed between military and civilian resources. Marked by massive deaths of civilians, strategic bombings of population or industrial center, and first age use of nuclear weapons, there were more than 50 million fatalities, making this war the deadliest conflict to hit human in history (Axelrod 16). Various factors and events ar responsible for the outbreak of this war either directly or indirectly. The immediate cause for the outbreak of the Second World War was generally considered by many another(prenominal) to be Germanys usurpation of Poland in 1939 (Ross 25). Hitler, who was the leader of the Nazi party, had establish ed one of his major objectives as domination of Europe, which was to be sought by force. Britain and France warned Germany against invasion of Poland and that they would declare war against them if they did so, therefore, when Hitler invaded Poland, war broke in Europe (Ross 26). Otherwise, this was just a short-term trigger of the war. There existed other under the surface tensions that had for wide brewed tension amongst states, which played a key role in the outbreak of the war. Germany was dissatisfied with the Versailles Treaty.

Monster Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Monster Case Study - Essay ExampleThe social media and networks ram home job advertisements and connect the job seekers with employers through active sourcing, give relevant job suggestions and provide the employers with employees with the desired qualifications (Jakub, 2013). If I were on the job market discipline now, I would keep my resume updated and then join the professional social networks where I can connect with employers or access great business opportunities. cordial networks are more effective than the traditional job boards since the networks contain the profile of a job seeker.The culture and HR practices adopted by Starbucks during the recession would be fundamental for other companies. Indeed, Starbucks continued providing a great work and conducive environment for the employees and treated each other with utmost respect and dignity (Geereddy, 2013). The play along adopted a premium product mix, supreme customer service, and a healthy corporate culture (Geereddy, 2013). Moreover, the company has attractive employee benefits and addresses all employees issues thus whirl a dynamic place to work and the ability to cultivate strong and sustainable productivity. These attributes would help the bottom line at companies in other industries.Fertig, A. (2014). 3 Places to Find Job Postings on LinkedIn. U.S. News & World Report LP. Retrieved from

An analysis of the micro and macro environment of M&S Research Paper

An analysis of the small and macro environment of M&S - look into Paper ExampleHowever, the company has reported a decline in sales in the current year with a significant reduction of 8.1% in purchases that are made through online mediums (Ahmed, 2014).Even though, the brand name and customer loyalty which is linked with M&S has survived and even grown tremendously over a significant period, the companys pecuniary woes and slumping sales have emerged as a cause of concern for the management and shareholders. As reported by Rankin (2014) the companys homeware and clothing divisions have been marked by the demonstration of disappointment monetary performances over a period of the past twelve financial quarters. Despite of the commitment shown by CEO Marc Bolland that revival would come soon enough, the companys woes which have recently been maximized because of a serious website error and tie in technical issues continue to grow (Ahmed, 2014). Moreover, competitive concerns from l ocal brands like Primark and international heavyweights like Zara postulate that the company may have to experience challenges in footing of exploring more viable opportunities in the clothing division (Ruddick, 2012).This research aims to aid the development of a critical assessment and analysis of Marks and Spencers micro and macro economic situation for the purpose of evaluating the future prospects and options which are available for the company to successfully and effectively cope with present issues.The framework or put of a SWOT analysis is an imperative component in assessing and examining the internal and external issues and prospects within a firm. As noted by Hill and Westbrook (1997), the cover of SWOT analysis can aid companies in decision making procedures and aid the development of long term corporate planning to meet the particular requirements which have been outlined by the designated objectives at corporate, business, operational and tactical

Art & the Pregnant Form Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Art & the Pregnant Form - Essay ExampleThrough the years, the way in which the gravid form has been represented, twisted and ignored has been a growing theme, coming into full flower in the modern art world in a variety of media. What is painted or sculpted and how this is done reveals much ab egress the prevailing attitudes of the time period in which the art work was created. From the fully clothed, questionable nature of early artists renditions of pregnant women to the fully nude and exposed form of todays pregnant sculptures, the art of the pregnant form has definitely advanced into the worldview. To gain an understanding of how this commute came about, it is necessary to learn more about some of the artists that have participated in this centuries long debate about how best to portray the multiple aspects of the pregnant fair sex her impending motherhood, her swelling form, her newfound tenderness. Among these artists are Jan van Eyck, Gustav Klimt, Egon Schiele, Lucien Fr eud, Marc Quinn and Ron Mueck. By looking at how these artists portrayed pregnant women as well as their motivations in doing so, we nominate begin to gain an understanding of how the cultural attitude toward pregnancy and the female form has changed.Jan van Eyck is the earliest of these painters, having painted his Giovanni Arnolfini and His Wife in 1434. This ikon has been largely acknowledged primarily due to the various examples of symbolism contained in the painting as well as for its unique perspective. However, left mostly out of the conversation is the idea that Arnolfinis wife is pregnant. Closer inspection indicates that Jeanne de Chanany is not actually pregnant but is instead wearing the voluminous clothing frequent for the early Renaissance period. Although many modern viewers mistakenly assume Giovanna is pregnant, art historians familiar with 15th century painting point out

Drunk Driving Essay Example for Free

Drunk private road EssayDrunk movement is a primary cause of passage traffic accidents causing deaths and injuries with colossal monetary costs to society. The sot madcap was first recognized as a insurance problem in the literature in 1904, approximately 5 years after the first highway traffic fatality in the United States (Voas and Lacey). In 1982, the National channel Traffic safety device Administration started c atomic number 18 statistics of intoxicant cerebrate crashes through its Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) (Stewart and Fell).In 1982, there were 26,173 alcoholic drink related to fatalities, which constituted 60% of all highway fatalities. In 2002, ab let on 17,419 or roughly 41% of about 42,815 highway fatalities were estimated to be alcohol related which indicates a 19% change since 1982 (Stewart and Fell). Overall, alcohol related traffic fatalities take for reduced by about 33% over the endure two decades. Policies implemented to assure sot parkway in the last two decades seem to have an impact on alcohol related fatalities.FARS data shows a 62% decrease (1. 64 to . 61) in alcohol related fatality rate since 1982 (Stewart and Fell). The general decline in the alcohol related fatalities for the general population is believed to be due to a combination of discouragerent yield laws, increased alcohol aw areness and decrease in alcohol consumption, increased publicity about delayion, and general car safety measures (Stewart and Fell). Starting 1980s, wino hotheaded has been conceptualized as a criminal justice issue.With the effect of Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) and both(prenominal) other citizen activist groups, the issue has become a public insurance problem in which drunk drivers are defined as demonic killers who drink and drive irresponsibly and claim lives of innocent victims. These efforts, according to Ross, created a superior paradigm which focalizationes on the blameworthy driver. Thus, f raming the issue as of a sin and drunk drivers as deviants has dominated the policymaking process and socially constructed the drunk drivers as a target group with negative con nonations in public mind (Meier).Policymakers responded the demands by legislating stricter deterrent based measures to punish those criminal drunk drivers and deter drunk driving to save lives (Ross). Therefore, it is important to examine how drunk driving emerged as a policy problem and how deterrent based laws are introduced and pass judgment as a solution to the problem. This paper examines also the effects of MADD on command of drunk driving laws and effects of those laws on alcohol related fatalities. stage settingThe struggle against drunk driving as a traffic safety problem began in late 1960s. Before 1960s, the depicted object governments influence on states drunk driving policies was minimal. The national character and seriousness of traffic safety problems prompted Congress to reenact the Hi ghway Safety proceed and the Motor Vehicle and Traffic Safety Act, in 1966. In 1967, the Secretary of Transportation officially promulgated the first federal drunk driving standards in the National Uniform Standards for State Highway Safety Programs.One of the requirements of this program was for each state to utilize chemical tests for determining blood alcohol levels (BAC) and to enact BAC limits of no greater than . 10 % (Evans et al. ). If an individual(a) is found to be driving with a BAC over a certain thres keep up they would be arrested for drunk driving. Those standards came with the threat of reducing highway funds for noncompliance. Although some states viewed the 1967 standards and the threats of reducing highway funds as interfering with their sovereign function, they complied with the new standards to participate in highway construction projects.By 1981 all states had adopted the particularized standard of . 10 BAC or a lower level. In 1982, the Presidential Commiss ion on Drunk Driving was created, and the Alcohol Traffic Safety Act of 1982 established a three-year program to provide highway grants for states that adopted certain anti-drunk driving measures (Evans et al. ). In 1983, the Presidential Commission on Drunk Driving recommended that states enact a uniform drinking age of twenty-one years. This approach was ineffective only four states had done so by 1984.In response, Congress passed legislation requiring highway funding reductions for some(prenominal) state with a drinking age under twenty-one in 1984. That strategy was effective as the states soon began to establish twenty-one-year age limits. By 1986, all but eight states had adopted the twenty-one-year age limits. By 1989, all states had complied with this federal limit. Congress, by promising grants or threatening to carry funding (carrot and stick from of coercive federalism), has taken an active role in formulating drunk driving policies and in encouraging the states to adop t them (Evans et al.). On October 23, 2000 President Clinton subscribe Department of Transportation and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2001 that established the first-ever national drunk driving standard at . 08 blood alcohol content (BAC). According to this legislation, states that do non adopt . 08 BAC laws by 2004 would have 2% of highway construction funds withheld, with the penalty increasing to 8% by 2007. States adopting the standard by 2007 would be reimbursed for any lost funds. As of February 2004, 46 states plus the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico have adopted the national .08 BAC standard. The federal BAC limit was the last, but not the to the lowest degree measure established to curb drunk driving. It was, indeed, the culmination of efforts targeting drunk driving which dates back to early 1980s (MADD). Although a variety of pr regulartative policies including education campaigns, renewal, and tone down of alcohol sales have been employed to reduce drunk driving, more emphasis has been placed on the use of penitentiary policy tools such(prenominal) as license revocation, increased fines, and mandatory jail time.Policies designed to change undesired behavior frequently frame drunk driving behavior as sinful or deviant, which suggests that drunk driving may constitute a morality policy. Indeed, drunk drivers are often depicted in the media and policy postulates as unequivocal killer drunks. The politics around the issue of drunk driving as a morality policy may explain why punitive tools alternatively than preventive policies have been increasingly used in this policy area (Meier). Anti-Drunk Driving Policy ControversiesPolicies pertaining to alcohol have been regulated by local, state and the federal governments over the last century, including the ban at the turn of the twentieth century. At different times alcohol has been prohibited, permitted to operate without government control, regulated through licensing, or controlled by monopolies. This policy area is largely controlled by states through a wide range of policies regulating both the sale of alcohol and penalties for alcohol abuse.Although prohibition on drunk driving is a regulatory policy, it has a separate purpose. As Meier points out, rather than restricting access to alcohol, drunk driving policies are think to punish individuals who abuse alcohol by drinking and driving (687). Over the last two decades states have adopted a variety of punitive policies to prevent drunk driving and its consequences. Since drunk driving is framed as sinful behavior, no one will stand up and support drunk driving.Advocates of drunk driving policies push for stricter measures to protect innocent victims and in such an environment, rational politicians will perceive that the demand for restrictive policies will be greater than it truly is and, thus, compete for more extreme policies because they always see there is a great support for being tougher on sin (Meier) . These policies will be carried out through strict law enforcement by agencies, which will be awarded by the number of arrests made.Therefore, law enforcement agencies will also favor more extreme policies because such policies will create an environment that supports more resources for them (Meier). Furthermore, arresting killer drunks and saving innocent lives will increase their popularity in the eyes of public. In the absence of nonionized opposition, therefore, drunk driving policies shaped with the support of the public, politicians, and the bureaucracy-lead to adoption of coercive tools, which increases the cost of sinful behavior (Ross). As with about public policy issues, this one, too, has many sides. scantily as anti-drunk driving movement supporters form alliances for specific efforts, adversaries also work independently and sometimes together depending on the current situation and how their alliances reflect everyday concerns. Organizations and individuals who appe ar to oppose the efforts of the anti-drunk driving movement are, in some eccentric persons, protecting a different interest or issue, such as business interests and, by extension, the economy (Baum). Despite the strength of the morality policy framework to predict what type of policy tools would be adopted in this policy domain, legislation of the federal .08 BAC standard departs from this framework on -at least- one major point there was an organized opposition to the legislation. Opponents of the national . 08 BAC limit consisted of interest groups representing alcohol and hospitality industries and a few non-profit groups defending motorists rights. Meier contends that highly salient morality policies permit little role for expertise and the lack of opposition results in avoidance of information that challenges the prevalent position. Therefore, morality politics lead to adoption of poorly designed and rarely effective policies.In the case of . 08 BAC legislation, as with many other anti drunk driving policies, however, creative activity of such an opposition heated the debate around the effectiveness of that standard to prevent drunk driving. Studies evaluating the effectiveness of . 08 BAC limit and level of damage at different levels of BAC were often cited by both sides of the policy (Meier 689-90). Opponents of the national . 08 BAC limit, however, differed in their solutions rather than in their conception of the issue.Both sides of the drunk driving debate agreed on the problem, but they disagreed on the solutions, which is closely related to the translation of the problem. Opponents and proponents of the legislation defined the problems in similar ways. For example, both sides distinguished good great deal who drink socially from a small minority of alcohol abusers, blameworthy deviants, who drink and drive irresponsibly. The alcohol and restaurant lobbyists could not and did not deny the existence of drunk driving problem. Furthermore, they a ccepted an obligation to contribute to the reduction of the problem (Baum).However, they defended that . 08 BAC limit would not affect those abusers but would punish the responsible social drinkers, which in turn negatively would affect alcohol sales. They argued that most fatal accidents involving BAC levels below . 10 were alcohol related, not alcohol caused. In almost all alcohol caused fatal accidents, drivers have had an average BAC level of . 17. Therefore, lowering BAC limit to . 08 would not prevent drunk driving. Instead, some other measures such as strict administrative license suspension, and frequent sobriety checks by law enforcement should be administered.Proponents of the . 08 BAC legislation, on the other hand, argued that everyones safe driving skills are dangerously impaired at this level, and near one-fourth of traffic fatalities caused by drunk drivers with a BAC level of . 10 or less (Meier 691-92). Anti-Drunk Driving Movement and MADD According to Reinarman, t he anti-drunk driving movement did not spring from a rise in the prevalence of drunk driving or in accidents related to it, but from the point that the injustices (or negative externalities) attributed to drunk driving have never been treated seriously by legislators and courts.Indeed, before 1980s drunk driving had been seen merely a traffic offense. The morality policy focus of the Reagan administration created the suitable climate in which the claims of MADD affected the public and legislators (Reinarman). MADD was founded as a non-profit victims rights organization concerned with advocating for and counseling victims and bereaved relatives, and monitoring courtrooms. Although many members of MADD are victims or bereaved victims of drunk drivers, general community activists (non-victim) have also been active in many chapters.A study on a national sample of 125 MADD chapters indicated that victimization alone does not cause activism (Weed). Moreover, victim and non-victim activis ts share similar social backgrounds and already participate in other unpaid associations, which reveals that MADD tends to be run by activists who have been victimized rather than victims who have become activists (Ross). Despite its inception as a victims rights organization, MADD has been blamed for becoming a neo-prohibitionist movement (Hanson).The goal of the organization, Hanson claims, is no longer preventing alcohol related accidents but preventing drinking. Moreover, MADD members are accused of seeking vengeance through harsh penalties either than rehabilitation and prevention. Reinarman points out that MADDs goals include the demand for justice or vengeance on the group that took lives of friends and children, which warrants harsh punishment whether deterrence is achieved. He also contends that in the case of drunk driving, the purpose of jail is generally social revenge, not accident prevention.Advocates of MADD, on the other hand, have always pointed out the public educ ation programs, victim assistance, and legislative activism as their agenda items. Regardless of the objectives mentioned above, MADD has managed to make drunk driving a major public problem. Its approach to the problem assumes that the victim in an alcohol related accident is innocent the drunk drivers behavior is willful and it is a crime which should be dealt in the criminal justice system and harsh punishment is effective in reducing drunk driving by the threat of swift, certain, and severe penalties.By working against the alcohol industrys promotion of drinking in general, MADD has cerebrate on the negative externalities created by the drunk driver -framing the issue as a deviant behavior (Ross). This strategy allowed the movement to gain support even from the alcohol industry itself. Starting from being a small group of women to a nationwide organization with over 600 chapters across 50 states, MADD has become the most influential citizen group fighting drunk driving.The orga nizations 2003-2004 annual report shows that its assets reached more than $28 million and revenues more than $53 million (MADD). As with other anti-drunk driving laws, MADD was the main actor behind the federal . 08 BAC legislation. With support of other non-profit organizations, MADD members brought the issue to the public attention. They lobbied key members of Congress, organized media campaigns, participated in press events and other activities, and published fact sheets and statistical information demonstrating the significance of the policy initiative (Ross).They not only contacted the president and obtained his support, but also reached both Democrat and Republican members of the Congress gaining bipartite support, necessary for passage of the legislation. MADD saw the fight for . 08 BAC as a fight for public safety. Karolyn Nunnallee, the president of the organization, once said, The danger imposed by a drunk driver does not stop at State lines. Neither should the standards that define drunk driving (190). Conclusion Like many other public policy issues, drunk driving can also be defined and addressed in several ways with every definition proposing a different solution. contrasted to the dominant paradigm, for example, drunk driving can be considered as a public health issue. Then the solution would be rehabilitation of offenders rather than direful sanctions on them. However, efforts of MADD and other grassroots organizations to define the problem in criminal justice terms by describing the problem as of a sin affiliated by irresponsible killer drunks against innocent victims succeed over other possible definitions of the problem as well as the solutions attached to them (Meier).Their success of the definition of the problem yielded social construction of the target group as deviants with negative connotations and weak political power who deserve sanctions either than rehabilitation. Although proponents of drunk driving policies have been successful in defining the issue in terms of sin that no one could stand for it, opponents were also successful to some extent in addressing the issue by questioning the effectiveness of deterrent based policies.They were able to frame the issue in such a manner that opposition became legitimate. Meier contends that when the opponents are able to change the social construction of the debate from sin to some other dimension, the redistributive nature of the policy becomes open and acknowledged (694). At this point, we can hold that the drunk driving issue was transformed from the politics of sin to the politics of redistribution when alcohol and hospitality industries considered that the stricter laws -as in the case of federal .08 BAC legislation- would threat alcohol sales. They were not successful, however, in changing issue entirely from being a policy of sin and could not defend drunk driving, but emphasized the potential inefficiency of measures to curb drunk driving. Moreover, they co uld not sustain holding that position over time and once again the dominant definition of the problem prevailed yielding more punitive tools to deter drunk driving. MADD has been acknowledged as the driving force that transformed drunk driving into a public problem which warrants governmental action.Moreover, MADD as a citizen advocacy group is an important factor in shaping policies in American states. The results provided evidence for the effects of MADD not only on states adoption of anti-drunk driving laws but also adoption of traffic safety measures in general. Works Cited Baum, Scott. Drink Driving as a well-disposed Problem Comparing the Attitudes and intimacy of Drink Driving Offenders and the General Community. 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